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Home/Iper Mag/Benessere/Perché ho la pancia gonfia?

Perché ho la pancia gonfia?

A VOLTE È COLPA DELL'ALIMENTAZIONE, ALTRE SERVE UNA VISITA DAL GASTROENTEROLOGO.

Pancia odiata dalle donne italiane secondo un sondaggio svolto da AstraRicerche.Per più di 1 donna su 2 (il 54%) è la parte meno amata perché imprevedibile. Per 5 donne su 10 è troppo sensibile alle variazioni di peso e per 4 su 10 è quella che addirittura cambia di più a seconda dei giorni. Il problema principale non sono tanto le fluttuazioni ormonali legate al ciclo, ma è il transito intestinale lento, che provoca gonfiore per il 74% delle intervistate con arrabbiature, nervosismo e stanchezza nel 68% dei casi. Il problema è legato prevalentemente a uno stile alimentare non corretto (poca acqua, cibi spazzatura, pasti consumati poco, disordinatamente o troppo in fretta). Cosa fare? Un rimedio sono i probiotici associati a verdura fresca, frutta e fibre. E il consiglio è una visita dal gastroenterologo per escludere che si tratti di un problema più serio come il colon irritabile o un'altra malattia infiammatoria intestinale da non trascurare. Ne abbiamo parlato con il dottorSilvio Danese,gastroenterologo e ricercatore in Humanitas, e la dottoressaStefania Setti, medico nutrizionista all'OspedaleHumanitas Gavazzeni di Bergamo.

DOTTORESSA SETTI, UNO STILE ALIMENTARE POCO CORRETTO INFLUISCE SULLA PANCIA GONFIA?

"Certamente sì.Se la pancia risulta tesa o gonfia al tatto, piuttosto che morbida, i cibi che si consumano e il modo in cui si mangia potrebbero essere dei fattori responsabili.Pietanze particolarmente elaborate e salate, bevande gasate oppure un eccesso di pasta, riso o patate potrebbero creare problemi.In primo luogo, alcuni alimenti provocano una ritenzione di liquidi (come quelli ricchi di sodio o di amidi come la pasta).Molte persone, inoltre, lamentano un rigonfiamento addominale dopo i pasti a causa del gas prodotto in eccesso dal processo di digestione di alcuni cibi(per esempio, i legumi o la frutta consumata a fine pasto). Soprattutto, però, non si può avere il ventre piatto se si soffre di stitichezza. Le funzioni intestinali devono essere regolari. Utile seguire una dieta varia ed equilibrata dalla quale non venga escluso alcun alimento, in particolare, frutta e verdura fresca dovrebbero essere presenti ogni giorno. Oltre all'alimentazione anche una moderata attività fisica è utile in questa direzione. Importante masticare lentamente e bere tanta acqua, preferibilmente non gasata, che facilità la regolarità intestinale".

DOTTOR DANESE, LA PANCIA GONFIA È IN GENERE UN SEGNALE DI MALATTIE INTESTINALI COME IL COLON IRRITABILE?

"Sono molte le persone che riferiscono come primo sintomo del colon irritabile la pancia gonfia. E lo stesso vale nei casi di gastrite e colite. Si tratta di malattie infiammatorie la cui causa scatenante ancora non è ben definita, ma che provocano difficoltà di digestione, bruciori, stipsi alternata a episodi di diarrea e gonfiore addominale. Ha spesso una base emotivo-psicologica. Le persone affette dal problema, infatti, generalmente sono ansiose, manifestano tensione o aggressività e depressione. Il trattamento è volto al miglioramento dei sintomi a partire dalle condizioni psicologiche. Il consiglio è di ridurre lo stress emotivo e condurre una vita più rilassata. Anche la dieta è importante, ma gli alimenti che la innescano possono essere diversi da persona a persona. E' il paziente stesso che, con l'aiuto del medico, deve capire quali sono da evitare o da preferire anche se la maggior parte delle volte quelli ‘incriminati' sono il latte, i formaggi stagionati, i cibi molto grassi, gli insaccati, il caffè. I farmaci antispastici o antidiarroici vanno usati solo su consiglio medico".

PUÒ NASCONDERSI ANCHE UNA MALATTIA INFIAMMATORIA CRONICA INTESTINALE DIETRO LA PANCIA GONFIA?

"E' importante la visita dal gastroenterologo, che valuterà attentamente con anamnesi, esame obiettivo ed esami di laboratorio, il quadro clinico. Inoltre la presenza di sintomi di allarme come perdita di peso, perdita di sangue con le feci o familiarità per tumori intestinali o per malattia di Crohn o retto-colite ulcerosa, potrebbero porre l'indicazione ad eseguire una colonscopia. Infine, non va mai dimenticato che dietro la pancia gonfia potrebbero anche nascondersi altre patologie comuni come l'intolleranza al lattosio, la celiachia o la sindrome da contaminazione batterica del piccolo intestino".

DOTTORESSA SETTI, I PROBIOTICI POSSONO ESSERE DI AIUTO?

"I probiotici sono d'aiuto perché riducono la produzione dei gas intestinali,ripristinano l'equilibrio della flora batterica, favoriscono la riproduzione cellulare delle pareti del colon, diminuiscono la fermentazione batterica degli alimenti e riducono l'ipermotilità gastrointestinale. Tutte attività che, come conseguenza, contribuiscono ad attenuare la fastidiosa sintomatologia della pancia gonfia, del colon irritabile e delle altre malattie infiammatorie. In genere i probiotici si trovano negli alimenti.Sono,infatti, batteri ‘buoni' che ristabiliscono un corretto equilibrio della flora intestinalecontrastando l'azione di germi e batteri che aggrediscono la mucosa. Sono disponibili nello yogurt, nel latte o nel formaggio. In alcuni casi, però, come le disbiosi intestinali (colon irritabile, gastrite, eccetera), i probiotici contenuti negli alimenti non sono sufficienti. Per essere efficaci nel riequiilibrio della flora batterica intestinale devono avere un'adeguata concentrazione di fermenti, circa 10 mld per capsula/fiala, ed in questo caso si rende necessario il ricorso a veri e propri integratori".

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