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Home/Iper Mag/Bambini e Scuola/Allattamento e alimentazione

Allattamento e alimentazione

L’allattamento al seno è una fase della vita di una donna che merita particolare attenzione dato che l’alimentazione del piccolo influisce sul suo sviluppo e sulle condizioni di salute future. Il latte materno deve fornire tutti i nutrienti che servono al bambino per soddisfare il proprio fabbisogno energetico e la scelta di un’alimentazione corretta ed equilibrata da parte della madre è consigliabile non solo per garantire al piccolo un latte ricco e completo dal punto di vista qualitativo ma, anche, per permetterle di affrontare la complessa fase dell’allattamento che richiede, oltre ad un equilibrio fisico-mentale, un dispendio di energie non indifferente. Di allattamento e alimentazione ne parliamo con Stefania Setti, medico nutrizionista di Humanitas Gavazzeni.

L'ALIMENTAZIONE DELLA MAMMA PUÓ INFLUIRE SULLA QUALITÀ DEL LATTE MATERNO?

Certamente. Una donna nel periodo dell’allattamento, mediamente, può arrivare a produrre 700-800 ml di latte al giorno e per farlo consuma circa 500 calorie (65-70 kcal/100 g): durante questi mesi dunque il fabbisogno energetico della mamma aumenta; anche per questo motivo è sconsigliato adottare diete ipocaloriche.
In generale, la dieta da seguire durante il periodo dell’allattamento dovrebbe garantire un adeguato ed equilibrato apporto di tutti i nutrienti: proteine nobili ovvero quelle di origine animale (carni preferibilmente bianche, pesce, uova, formaggi) sia vegetali (fornite dai legumi da consumarsi in associazione ai carboidrati ad esempio: pasta e fagioli, riso con piselli), vitamine e sali minerali (presenti in abbondanza in frutta e verdura fresche di stagione); quindi un giusto apporto di carboidrati complessi (pasta, riso, pane), calcio e fosforo (latte e yogurt tutti i giorni; formaggi 2-3 volte a settimana).
Importante anche il DHA, (acido docosaesaenoico) appartenente alla famiglia degli Omega 3, presente principalmente nel pesce azzurro (alici,acciughe,sgombri,sardine,ma anche tonno), e particolarmente utile per lo sviluppo visivo e cognitivo oltre che del sistema nervoso del neonato.

QUALI ALIMENTI SAREBBE OPPORTUNO EVITARE O RIDURRE?

Nonostante l’alimentazione consigliata debba essere varia ed equilibrata, esistono degli alimenti che, se assunti costantemente, potrebbero provocare disturbi al piccolo ed altri che, sebbene accettabili dal punto di vista qualitativo, sarebbe meglio evitare per la loro capacità di alterare il sapore del latte rendendolo sgradevole.
Tra gli alimenti che andrebbero consumati con moderazione troviamo: caffè, tè, bibite gasate e drink energetici che, contenendo sostanze eccitanti come caffeina e teobromina, possono causare iperattività e difficoltà nel prendere sonno; alcol, il cui consumo dovrebbe essere evitato o ridotto al minimo per impedire che venga trasferito nel latte materno e trasmesso al bambino.

È necessario poi prestare attenzione a selvaggina, cacciagione ed agli insaccati considerati probabili portatori di batteri e a prodotti potenzialmente allergenici come frutti di bosco, pesche, crostacei e molluschi.
Esistono inoltre cibi, come dicevamo, che se ingeriti dalla madre possono rendere poco invitante il sapore del latte; in questo caso non è sempre detto che il lattante rifiuti il seno, anzi, un gusto diverso potrebbe anche invogliarlo maggiormente a bere il latte.
Tra questa tipologia cibi troviamo cavoli, cavolfiori, broccoli, verza, aglio crudo, alcuni formaggi come provola affumicata, gorgonzola, brie, e tutte le spezie come, ad esempio, curry e peperoncino.

QUALCHE RACCOMANDAZIONE E SUGGERIMENTO?

La prima raccomandazione è evitare il fumo che, oltre ad essere causa di potenziali malattie per la madre, nuoce gravemente alla salute del bambino e può provocare una riduzione nella produzione di latte.
Per ridurre al minimo la percentuale di batteri presenti sulla frutta e verdura fresca è consigliabile lavarle accuratamente; per mantenere intatte le loro proprietà sarebbe meglio utilizzare la cottura al vapore o nel forno a microonde.
Inoltre la madre, allattando, tende a perdere molti liquidi; è quindi importante reintegrarli bevendo molto, almeno 2- 2,5 litri al giorno di acqua o, comunque, liquidi sottoforma di tè e tisane, meglio non zuccherati per non eccedere con l’assunzione di zuccheri semplici e quindi, con moderazione, vanno assunti anche i succhi e le spremute di frutta.
Nel periodo dell’allattamento non è indicato saltare i pasti. Il piccolo ha continuamente bisogno di assumere le sostanze nutritive necessarie al suo sviluppo; è consigliabile dunque un alimentazione giornaliera frazionata in 5 pasti: 3 principali: colazione, pranzo e cena + 2 spuntini a metà mattina e pomeriggio.

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